ABSTRACT
The spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus has been a major public health problem for 2 years, especially for those immuno-suppressed patients such as those solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). DNA and RNA-based vaccines represent an excellent weapon to reduce the spread of the virus, but there are currently no consolidated scientific data to support the safety and efficacy of nucleic acid-based vaccines in organ transplant patients, having not been included in the phase I-III clinical trials that considered immunosuppressive or immunodeficient state among main exclusion criteria during study subjects enrollment. Solid organ transplant recipients have a reduced humoral immune response to DNA and RNA vaccines compared to the immunocompetent counterpart, thus remaining at high risk for COVID-19. Vaccines are consid-ered safe for all SOTRs, but there are in literature some reports of problems due to the vaccination in these patients such as episode of steroid-resistant acute cellular rejection and two cases of endothelial corneal allograft rejection following immunization. It is therefore essential that the immune-incompetent population continues to practice strict precautions for covid-19 even post vaccination and to keep in mind other therapeutic and preventive tools as an additional weapon against the virus.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the essential physiological functions of the skin microbiota in human health and diseases. The main characteristics of the normal microbiota in the different anatomical sites have been reported in relation to the main factors, such as the effect of age, on its composition and stability for the eubiosis condition. Moreover, the present overview analyzed the functions and composition and the correct functionality of the skin microbiota in the light of current knowledge. According to several evidence is important preserving the eubiosis of the commensal microbes of the microecosystem (symbiotic and pathogenic), and probiotics are able to counteract the conditions of dysbiosis. Also, it has been shown that there is a crosstalk between gut and skin microbiota that affects human health and is still being studied, and its relationship to the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2.